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Mary Emilie Holmes (April 10, 1850 – February 13, 1906) was a 19th-century American geologist and educator who became the first woman to be elected a fellow of the Geological Society of America.〔 She was also one of the cofounders of a seminary for young black women that evolved into Mary Holmes College,〔 which was named in memory of her mother. ==Early life and education== Mary Emilie Holmes was born April 10, 1850, in Chester, Ohio, to the Rev. Mead Holmes (1819–1906), a Presbyterian minister and missionary, and Mary D. Holmes (1819–1890).〔〔〔 She was their second child; her brother, Mead Jr., was nine years older.〔 When Mary Emilie was three, the family moved to Manitowoc, Wisconsin, where the Holmeses did mission work among local Native Americans and became abolitionists.〔 Her mother also ran a women's seminary for two years. Mary Emilie showed an aptitude for language, and by listening in on her brother's lessons had picked up the rudiments of Greek, Latin, and French by the time she was eight years old. She also demonstrated a precocious interest in science, starting her first herbarium at the age of five and turning her family home (and later her own home) into a menagerie with her collections of tamed animals, including at different times squirrels, chipmunks, raccoons, gophers, foxes, woodchucks, a bald eagle, owls, and various small birds.〔 Mary Emilie's brother died unexpectedly of a ruptured blood vessel in April 1863 in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, while serving as a soldier on the Union side during the Civil War.〔 The following year, the family moved to Rockford, Illinois, where Rev. Holmes became active in local politics.〔 Mary D. Holmes became secretary of the Women's Presbyterian Board of Missions of the Northwest and was active in working for the welfare of freedmen after the Civil War ended. Mary Emilie got her schooling at Rockford Female Seminary, which she entered at age 14 and from which she graduated with a certificate in 1868. She then began teaching Spencerian penmanship at the seminary while she studied for a second certificate, in organ performance, which she earned in 1870.〔〔 She later joined her parents in working with freedmen under the auspices of the Presbyterian Board of Missions for Freedmen.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mary Emilie Holmes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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